[1]Diabetes Atlas. https://diabetesatlas.org/. Accessed 22 September 2022.[2]Chatterjee S, Khunti K, Davies MJ. Type 2 diabetes. The Lancet. 2017 Jun;389(10085):2239–51[3]The study conducted by Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, et al. investigated the effects of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2019, with a reference to the article being 380(4):347–57.[4]Leiter LA, Cefalu WT, de Bruin TWA, Gause-Nilsoon I, Sugg J, Parikh SK. Dapagliflozin added to usual care in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus with preexisting cardiovascular disease: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebocontroll-ed study with a 28-week extension. J Am GeriatrSoc.2014;62(7):1252–62.[5]Grundy SM,Benjamin IJ,Burke GL,et al.The American Heart Association's Circulationof 1999, pages 1134-1146, presents astatement for healthcare professionals.[6]Hummel CS, Lu C, Loo DDF, Hirayama BA, Voss AA, WrightEM. Glucose transport by human renal Na+/D-glucose cotransportersSGLT1 and SGLT2. Am J Physiol-CellPhysiol.(2011)300:14–21.doi:10.1152/AJPCELL.00388.2010/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/ZH00011164920007.JPEG[7]In the article "Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for diabetes mellitus: exploring cardiovascular and kidney effects, potential mechanisms, and clinical applications" by Heerspink HJ, Perkins BA, Fitchett DH, Husain M, and Cherney DZ, the authors delve into the use of these inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The study also examines the possible mechanisms behind their effects and explores their clinical applications. This research was published in Circulation in the year 2016, within the volume 134 and issue 10, encompassing pages 752 to 772.https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.021887.[8]The authors of this study are Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, Fitchett D, Bluhmki E, Hantel S, and Mattheus M.[9]McGuire DK, Zinman B, Inzucchi SE, Wanner C, Fitchett D, Anker SD, Pocock S,Kaspers S, George JT, von Eynatten M, Johansen OE, Jamal W, Mattheus M, ElsasserU, Hantel S, Lund SS. Effects of empagliflozin on first and recurrent clinical events inpatients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a secondary analysisof the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020;8:949–959[10]The authors of the EMPEROR-Reduced Trial were Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Pocock SJ, Carson P, Januzzi J, Verma S, Tsutsui H, Brueckmann M, Jamal W, Kimura K, Schnee J, Zeller C, Cotton D, Bocchi E, Bohm M, Choi DJ, Chopra V, Chuquiure E, Giannetti N, Janssens S, Zhang J, Gonzalez Juanatey JR, Kaul S, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Merkely B, Nichols SJ, Perrone S, Pina I, Ponikowski P, Sattar N, Senni M, Seronde MF, Spinar J, Squire I, Taddei S, Wanner C, and Zannad F.The outcomes of heart failure with empagliflozin in both cardiovascular and renal areas were reported in the National Journal Med2020, 383:1413-1424.[11]A meta-analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced and EMPEROR-Preserved trials was conducted to evaluate the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients suffering from heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The authors of the study were Zannad F, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Brueckmann M, Ofstad AP, Pfarr E, Jamal W, and Packer M.In 2020, Lancet published a study on DAPA-HF trials, spanning pages 819 to 829.[12]Li,C.;Zhang,J.;Xue,M.;Li,X.;Han,F.;Liu,X.;Xu,L.;Lu,Y.;Cheng,Y.;Li,T.The inhibition of SGLT2 by empagliflozin was found to reduce myocardial oxidative stress and fibrosis in diabetic mice hearts, as reported in Cardiovasc.Diabetol.(2019, 18, 15).[13]Uchihashi M, Hoshino A, Okawa Y et al. Cardiac-specific Bdh1 overexpression ameliorates oxidative stress and cardiac remodeling inpressure overload-induced heart failure. Circ. Heart Fail. 10(12), e004417 (2017).[14]Lnhart M，Doltra A，Acosta J，et a1．Ventricular arrhythmia risk is associatedwith myocardialscarbut not withresponse to cardiac resynchronization thempy[J]．Europace，2020，22(9)：1391-1400．[15]Pei J，Li N，Gao Y，et a1．The J wave and fragmerned QRs compkxes in inferiorleads associated with sudden cardiac death in patients with chronic heart failure[J]．Eumpace，2012，14(8)：1180—1187．[16]Jhuo SJ,Liu IH,Tasi WC,et a1．characteristics of ventricular electrophysiological substrates in metabouc mice treated with empagliflozin[J].Int J Mol Sci 2021,22(11):6105．[17]Lin DJ，Lee ws，cken Yc，et a1．’Ihe link between abnormalities 0f calciumhandling pmteins and catecholaminergic polymoIphic Vemricular tachycardia[J]．Tzu Chi Med J，2021，33(4)：323-331．[18]Empagliflozin, as demonstrated by Mustroph J, Wagemanno and LuchtCM et al., has been found to reduce Ca/calmodulin-dependentkinase activity in Ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated[J], according to ESCHeart Fail(2018), 5(4):642—648.A novel medication category for heart failure, SGLT2 inhibitors, can decrease excessive sympathetic activity, according to a study titled "Anew class of drugs for heart failure: SGLT2 inhibitors reduce sympathetic overactivity" by Sano M. (2018).[19]Aboonabi, A.; Meyer, R.R.; Singh, I. The association between metabolic syndrome components and the development of atherosclerosis. J. Hum. Hypertens. 2019,33,844–855.[20]Xu,J.;Kitada,M.;Ogura,Y.;Koya,D.The association between autophagy and the features of metabolic syndrome in the development of atherosclerosis is examined in this study.Cell Dev.Biol.2021,9,641852.[21]Sayour,A.A;Korkmaz-Icöz,S.Loganathan,S;Ruppert,M.;Sayour,V.N;Oláh,A;Benke,K;Brune,M;Benk o,R.Horváth,E.M.The article titled "Acute administration of canagliflozin provides protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in non-diabetic male rats and improves endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation" was published in the Journal of Translational Medicine in 2019 (Vol. 17, p. 127).
