目的：探究儿童下呼吸道感染病原菌检测结果的影响因素。方法：选取在2018年5月-2020年5月宁夏疾病预防控制中心监测的180例儿童下呼吸道感染患儿的相关信息为研究对象，回顾性分析其病历资料及病原菌检出情况。结果：在180份下呼吸道标本中共将105株致病菌分离出来，其检出率为58.33%，通过Logistic回归分析显示，年龄小于1岁、冬春季、没有户外活动是影响儿童下呼吸道感染的相关因素。结论：儿童下呼吸道感染的易感人群为小于1岁的儿童，且冬春季多发，因此应当增强儿童的户外运动，促进其免疫力有效提高。 Objective: To explore the influencing factors of detection results of pathogenic bacteria in children with lower respiratory tract infection.Methods: Data of 180 children with lower respiratory tract infection monitored by Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention from May 2018 to May 2020 were analyzed retrospectively.Results: Totally 105 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 180 samples of lower respiratory tract, and the detection rate was 58.33%. Logistic regression analysis showed that age less than 1 year old, winter and spring, no outdoor activities were the related factors affecting children's lower respiratory tract infection.Conclusion: The susceptible group of children with lower respiratory tract infection is children less than 1 year old, and more in winter and spring.Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen children's outdoor exercise and improve their immunity effectively.