保护土壤水分和促进作物生产的覆盖技术-综述

MANJEET PREM¹, PREM RANJAN², NEERAJ SETH³, GHANSHYAM T. PATLE⁴
1、农业工程与技术学院农业机械与动力工程系
2、东北地区科技学院农业工程系
3、农业工程与技术学院加工与食品工程系
4、农业工程和收获后技术学院灌溉和排水工程系

摘要

增加粮食产量和改善周围环境质量的必要性导致寻找控制或调节水蚀和风蚀的材料。如今，覆盖已成为农
业生产中必不可少的决定性活动。减少除草剂和各种化肥的施用，控制杂草，保持土壤水分和土壤温度。本文详细
回顾了对覆盖物进行的不同研究，并阐述了它们解决农业问题的机会。多年来，由于全球变暖以及印度低降雨区降
雨不均匀或不确定，农业经营的水资源一直不足。为了缓解农业缺水问题，覆盖作为雨养作物的节水技术具有至关
重要的影响。它主要对保持土壤水分、防止土壤蒸发和控制影响粮食生产的土壤温度非常重要。印度作为一个农业
国家，应该对节水策略更加钦佩。到目前为止，我们正面临着水资源不足的巨大压力。每一滴水对我们来说都很重
要，但由于不专心，我们一再浪费大量的水，其中 70%到 80%用于灌溉。覆盖和微灌技术可以在控制过度和过度灌
溉方面发挥重要作用。这种做法有助于防止杂草生长、增加土壤水分、减少土壤侵蚀、保持土壤温度、增加土壤结
构、提高土壤肥力和改善土壤生物状况。覆盖有有机覆盖、无机覆盖、天然覆盖、合成覆盖、表面覆盖、垂直覆盖
或垂直覆盖、塑料覆盖、橡胶覆盖、卵石或石头覆盖、灰尘覆盖、秸秆覆盖、景观织物、活植物屏障等。覆盖除许
多优点外还显示出一些局限性，因为它可能隐藏一些昆虫、害虫和疾病，有时还会产生一些杂草问题。目前的分析
涉及覆盖的每一个特征及其受益效果的论点。

关键词

土壤改良；结构；覆盖；土壤湿度；土壤温度；杂草管理

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