失智症伦理课题文献综述

普拉 曼·, 卡明 ·奈, 加内 什·, 哈布 森·
Organization of Senior Patient Disease

摘要

失智症引发了许多伦理课题。本综述注意到失智症的各个阶段引发了不同的伦理问题，重点关注与失智症
进展阶段相关的三个问题：（1）失智症的临床前和无症状但有风险属性的出现，如何造成复杂的预防措施、风险披
露以及免受耻辱和歧视保护的问题；（2）如何在尽管非常努力预防失智症，重要的研究仍继续调查可减轻临床痴呆
症症状的方法，并呼吁有更多的人权保护已保权痴呆症患者有更好的录取率；（3）尽管进行了研究和预防工作，人
们仍需要学习如何与失智症以更和谐的方式共存。这篇评论突出了两个重要课题：首先是如何扩大阿尔茨海默病等
失智症的范围，为无症状但有风险的人提出新的伦理问题。解决这些问题的有望途径是对失智症伦理采取综合方法，
其中可以包括将伦理相关的数据收集纳入痴呆症研究本身的设计中。其次是与痴呆症相关的伦理问题的跨学科性质，
从关于长期护理的保险承保范围的健康政策问题，到有关投票、驾驶和其它公民权利和特权的政治问题，再到平衡
雇主的安全和安全权利的经济问题，以及员工避免生产性劳动力基于失智风险的歧视。本文强调了上述有关失智症
的课题与其衍生的其它新伦理问题。

关键词

阿尔茨海默病；失智；伦理；医疗法律问题；耻辱

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