接触引起的奇怪腐蚀化合物： 博物馆展品上玻璃引起的金属腐蚀综述
摘要
有钠和/或钾、氢氧化物和碳酸盐（吸收二氧化碳）离子。这些电解质在与金属接触时会引起腐蚀。令人惊讶的是，
这一现象只有在过去二十年中，斯图加特的研究才得以实现。同时，在一些遗产收藏中检测到大约350个受影响的
对象。由于特殊的电解质，通常会形成不寻常的腐蚀产物。通过现代X射线粉末衍射数据评估，可以确定其中三种
未知的结构和公式。一个例子是在玻璃罐的白钨盖上检测到的碱性碳酸钾铅，KOH·2PbCO3。已知结构的钠类似物
在空心玻璃球中被发现，空心玻璃球内有熔化的铅。铜镍钴酸盐Na2[Cu（CO3）2]·3H2O是铜合金与苏打溶液接触
后的腐蚀产物（此处：玻璃降解）。暴露于醋酸排放物（例如木材）中，它会转化为迄今尚未确定结构的醋酸铜碳酸
钠。无处不在的污染物甲醛在玻璃降解提供的碱性介质中直接与甲酸盐反应。因此，在与玻璃接触的铜合金上，甲
酸盐很常见：50%的情况下为Na4Cu4O（HCOO）8（OH）2
·4H2O，33%的情况下是Cu2（HCOO）（OH-xCux）6
（HCOO）8（OH）18·6H2O。还有许多其他腐蚀产物，例如，含有锌和羧酸盐，有待进一步表征。预防性养护需要
通过干储存（不低于35%rH）来减缓腐蚀。需要通过仔细选择用于储存、展示和保护的材料来避免污染物。
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