尼泊尔社区供水计划的问题

Gunjan Gautam, Khet Raj Dahal
蓝毗尼国际科学技术学院

摘要

饮用水是人类生存和健康的基本需要，也是地球上任何形式生命的基本需要。在缺乏饮用水的情况下，
严重疾病如腹泻、痢疾、霍乱和伤寒在人群中传播的风险很高。尽管社区供水计划取得了重大进展，但全世界
仍有 22 亿人无法获得安全管理的供水服务。这项研究在 2020 年 2 月至 7 月期间进行。从不同来源收集了论文、
手册、数据库、报告和标准等已发表文献，并进行了深入研究。结论是根据研究材料得出的。研究发现，由于
饮用水、卫生设施和手卫生不安全，估计每年约有 82.9 万人死于腹泻。在南亚，超过 1.34 亿人仍然无法获得
清洁的饮用水。各种研究表明，截至 2019 年底，尼泊尔基本供水的进展已达到 89% 的人口。尼泊尔的社区饮
用水计划面临各种类型的问题，如与性别平等和社会包容（GESI）、成本回收和负担能力、运营和维护、体制
和法律框架相关的技术问题。由于水资源计划中的这些问题没有得到及时和适当的解决，因此对功能不正常、
服务差和不可持续性的影响总是很大的。该研究建议在项目实施后管理运营和维护资金。应在方案移交前对用
水委员会进行能力建设培训。

关键词

社区供水方案；操作和维护（O&M）；功能；水；环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）；建设

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