埃塞俄比亚流域管理的历史前景和现状

加迪 萨·
迪拉大学农业与自然资源学院自然资源管理系

摘要

本文旨在评估埃塞俄比亚流域管理的历史前景和现状。流域管理并不是该国的新概念，因为它拥有从
远古时期就开始实践的经验丰富的土著人民。但是，在 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代的干旱和随后的灾难性现象
之后，营养不良和饥荒问题反复出现之后，这一问题变得尤为突出。土壤侵蚀形式的土地退化通常被认为是造
成这一问题的主要原因。因此，前几届政府和其他合作伙伴发起了各种水土保持活动，尽管这些活动大多不令
人满意或失败。因为缺乏社区参与、部门驱动和单一媒介方法、无保障的土地保有权、抑制因素和无法管理的
规划单位。现任政府从过去的缺点中吸取了教训，然后开始了以社区为基础的参与式流域管理。因此，它在恢
复严重退化的土地方面取得了积极成就，并成为当地社区的收入来源。在这里，这并不意味着当前的流域管理
实践是完美的，但实际上它存在着各种问题，这些问题将在未来得到解决。例如：工作质量、加强意识创造和
能力建设、真正的社区参与、在上下游社区之间公平公平地分享利益。一般而言，流域管理必须从环境健全性、
经济可行性和社会可接受性方面进行评估；它应该得到研究和教育机构的支持。

关键词

埃塞俄比亚；历史视角；土地退化；当前情景；水土保持；流域管理

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