论“绿色”能源有多环保？

威廉 ·威, 卢克 ·劳, 埃斯 佩思
澳大利亚昆士兰州4878热带环境与可持续发展科学中心

摘要

可再生能源是满足不断增长的能源需求和缓解气候变化的重要难题，但此类技术的潜在不利影响往往被忽
视。鉴于气候和生态密不可分，评估能源技术的影响需要考虑其一整套全球环境问题。我们在这里回顾了三种主要
类型的可再生能源——水能、太阳能和风能——的生态影响，并强调了一些减轻其负面影响的策略。在某些情况下，
这三种类型都可能对环境产生重大影响。风力发电的影响最少且最容易缓解；如果精心设计和管理，太阳能是相当
良性的。水电显然具有最大的风险，尤其是在某些生态和地理环境中。鉴于所有这些技术都在全球迅速扩张，需要
更多的研究来评估这些“绿色”能源技术对环境的影响。

关键词

生物多样性；水电；基础设施；可再生能源；太阳能；风能

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