典型性传播感染病原体的致癌机制

埃马 纽埃, 奥拉 耶米
圣约大学生物科学系

摘要

许多性传播感染（STI）的致病生物可能是细菌、病毒、真菌或原生动物。除了这些生物体引起的已知 STI，以及
伴随的生理、心理和社会影响外，这些生物体也与致癌有关。每种病原体都有其独特的作用机制，然而，对导致 STI 的每
一组微生物（即病毒、细菌、真菌和原生动物）检查了一种具有代表性的生物体，以显示它们的致癌关联。引起生殖器疣
的人乳头瘤病毒通过具有不同功能的 E5、E6 和 E7 癌基因的作用与口咽癌、宫颈癌、肛门生殖器癌、睾丸癌和前列腺癌相关。
沙眼衣原体是衣原体感染的病原，通过鳞状细胞化生和凋亡因子（caspase3 和线粒体细胞色素 c）的抑制，沙眼衣原体与性
病淋巴肉芽肿、沙眼、宫颈癌和卵巢癌有关；从而抑制细胞凋亡。白色念珠菌是口腔和阴道中鹅口疮的病原菌，可通过产
生致癌副产物、引发炎症、分子模拟和诱导 TH17 反应而导致癌症。阴道毛滴虫是导致滴虫病的原体，已知会导致促炎分
子的涌入：趋化蛋白 -1、白细胞介素 -8、白三烯 B4、d 中性粒细胞和 IL-6，这可能在致癌中起作用。阴道毛滴虫致癌基因
PIM1、HMGA1 和 COX-2 的表达也与癌症的发病有关。在预防和控制 STI 病原体以及由此导致的癌症方面，建议接种疫苗、
健康的生活方式、相互一夫一妻制的性关系、完成治疗方案、使用无菌医疗设备、不共用尖锐或侵入性材料。

关键词

性传播感染；癌症；癌基因；发炎

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