城市环境中的生物多样性与健康

莎拉 ·马, 佩妮 ·波, 阿莱 塔·, 梅丽 莎·
生物多样性研究所

摘要

生物多样性支撑着对人类健康和福祉至关重要的城市生态系统功能。了解生物多样性如何与人类健康相关
是科学、政策和实践的发展前沿。本文描述了城市环境中生物多样性对人类健康有益和有害的方面。最近的研究表
明，与城镇内自然环境的生物多样性接触可能对人类的身体、心理和社会健康和福祉产生积极和消极的影响。例如，
虽然病毒或花粉可能对人类健康造成严重危害，但生物多样性的生态系统可以促进积极的健康和福祉。总的来说，
这些影响是积极的。由于生物多样性正以前所未有的速度下降，研究表明其丧失可能威胁到所有人的生活质量。一
个关键的研究空白是了解并证明生物多样性影响人类健康的特定因果途径。对将生物多样性与人类健康联系起来的
途径的机械理解可以促进基于自然的解决方案在公共卫生和影响政策中的应用。研究整合以及跨部门城市政策和规
划制定应利用机会更好地确定生物多样性、气候和人类健康之间的联系。鉴于其对人类健康的重要性，城市生物多
样性保护应被视为公共卫生投资。

关键词

焦虑；生物多样性；疾病；基于自然的解决方案；公共卫生；物种丰富

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