蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）群体花粉补充日粮的评价 及其对某些生物活性的影响

塔德 尔·
霍莱塔蜜蜂研究中心

摘要

蜜蜂在枯竭期补充饲料的质量影响蜂群的发育和强度。实验在Holeta Bee Research Center的Gedo分站进行，
以考察蜜蜂群体的消耗率以及不同豆类作为花粉补充物对蜂巢面积、花粉和花蜜储存、群体生长以及蜂蜜产量的影
响。饲料类型的选择是根据当地养蜂人自制的饲料和面粉的初步筛选信息进行的。蜂群被提供了大豆（大豆）、鹰嘴
豆（鹰嘴豆）和豌豆（豌豆）的花粉补充物，而对照组没有提供花粉补充物。补充花粉的饲料消耗量平均数据显示，
蜂群每天最多消耗大豆饲料（284克），其次是鹰嘴豆（252.27克）和豌豆（223.63克）。结果表明，在饲喂大豆粉的
蜜蜂群体中，观察到最高的孵化面积（300.66 cm2
/群体）、花粉面积（219.93 cm2
/群落）、花蜜面积（258.96 cm2
/种
群）、被蜜蜂覆盖的框架数（9.4个/群体）和产蜜量（11.5 kg/群体），在对照组中检测到被蜜蜂覆盖的帧数和蜂蜜产
量。结果清楚地表明，补充饲喂可以增加蜜蜂种群，以便在缺水期存活，提高蜂群性能。因此，作者建议商业化生
产和大规模利用大豆饲料，以便在花期持续繁殖和建立蜂群。

关键词

花粉；蜜蜂；补充饲料；豆类；菌落性能

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