垃圾场对邻居健康的影响：尼日利亚拉各斯州奥乔塔市 奥卢松垃圾场的案例研究

Olufemi Adedamola Oyedele¹, Adeniyi Olufolahan Oyedele²
1、奥松政府
2、丹妮佛尼日利亚企业

摘要

生活区管理不善和选址错误的垃圾场可能成为病原体和流行病学中心。细菌（病毒、细菌和真菌）在垃圾
堆和垃圾填埋场定期繁殖。垃圾场、焚烧厂和填埋场可能会排放有害于人类健康和福祉的有毒化合物。暴露在外的
垃圾堆和填土也是对其所在地居民构成社会威胁的眼中钉。不受控制的垃圾场是拾荒者的危险地带，大多数是年轻人，
他们在寻找 “ 宝藏 ” 时可能会踩到受感染的尖锐物体。废物露天焚烧的废物堆放场，由于含有硫化物、硝酸盐、氟
化物、苯、尼古丁、铅等化学物质的残余物燃烧，会产生二氧化碳、一氧化碳和其他气体，这些物质与氧气发生反
应，形成有毒气体，被居民吸入。这些抗体影响肺部，削弱心脏和身体其他器官。绷带、棉织品、药品容器、注射器、
针头和瓶子等医疗废物应进行专业管理，因为它们的重复使用是危险的。本研究的目的是检查垃圾场管理不当对健
康的影响，强调发展中国家主要的当地垃圾管理方法的危险性，评估垃圾场造成的各种疾病，焚烧厂和垃圾填埋场，
并建议将吸收可持续发展原则的替代废物管理方法。对定量和定性数据进行了分析，以推断垃圾场对公众健康的影响。

关键词

空气传播疾病；健康与环境；医疗废物；固体废物管理；废物堆放场

参考

[1] Adesanya, R. (2014). Management of warts in

adults and children. The Punch, July 2, 2014.

[2] Ashiru, O. (2004). Environmental substance can

cause deformity. Sunday Punch, October 24, 2004, pp. 9 and

20.

[3] Bakalar, N. (2012). Air Pollution Tied to

Birth Defects. Available at http://well.blogs.nytimes.

com/2013/04/08/airpollution-tied-to-birthdefects/?_

php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0S. Accessed on July 7, 2014.

[4] Chalmin, P., and Gaillochet, C. (2009). From Waste

to Resource. An Abstract of World Waste Survey, 2009

Veolia/CyclOpen Research Institute Paris, France 2009 4.

[5] Creswell, J. (2009). Research Design; Qualitative

and Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. London:

Sage. ISBN 978-1-4522-2609-5.

[ 6 ] D a i l y Tr u s t ( 2 0 1 4 ) . N i g e r i a : C h o l e r a

ravages Nigeria. Available at http://allafrica.com/

stories/201404140670.html. Accessed on July 7, 2014.

[7] Hvistendahi, M. (2007). Coal Ash is More

Radioactive than Nuclear Waste. Scientific American,

December 13, 2007. Available at http://www.

scientificamerican.com/article/coalash-is-more-radioactivethan-nuclear-waste/. Accessed on July 14, 2014.

[8] Jewel, W. J. (1975). Energy, Agriculture and Waste

Management, New York: Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc,

p. 1.

[9] Kimani, N. G. (2007). Environmental Pollution

and Impacts on Public Health: Implications of the Dandora

Municipal Dumping Site in Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya: UNEP.

[10] Le Courtois, A. (2012). Municipal Solid Waste:

Turning a Problem into resource. Available at http://www.

proparco.fr/jahia/webdav/site/proparco/shared/PORTAILS/

Secteur_prive_developpement/PDF/SPD15/SPD15_

Alexandra_le_courtois_uk.pdf. Accessed on July 10, 2014.

[11] Oresanya, O. (2011). How Waste Volume Were

Reduced in Lagos State. National Daily Newspaper, Sunday,

July 31, 2011.

[12] Oyedele, O. A. (2014). Municipal Solid Waste

Management as panacea for Wealth Creation and Econmic

Development in Africa. Being paper presented at the 29th

International Conference on Solid Waste (ICSW), Rdison

Blu Warwick Hotel, Philadelphia, USA, April 2, 2014.

[13] Scott-Emuakpor, A. (2010). The evolution of

health care systems in Nigeria: Which way forward in the

twenty-first century. Nigerian Medical Journal. Available at:

http://www.nigeriamedj.com/text.asp?2010/51/2/53/70997.

Accessed on July 14, 2014.

[14] Stanford University (2008). “Carbon Dioxide

Emissions Linked To Human Mortality.” ScienceDaily,

January 4, 2008. Available at: www.sciencedaily.com/

releases/2008/01/080103135757.htm.

[15] Thomas, G. (2011). How to do your Case Study:

A Guide for Students and Researchers. Thousand Oaks, CA:

Sage.

[16] Timaru District (New Zealand) Consolidated

Bylaw, 2007). Available at www.wolframalpha.com/entities/

cities/timaru,_new_zealan. Accessed on July 2, 2014.

[17] UNEP (2014). Sound practices for MSW landfills.

Available at http://www.unep.or.jp/Ietc/ESTdir/Pub/MSW/

SP/SP6/SP6_4.asp. Accessed on July 15, 2014.