关于推动城市地区实现“碳达峰 碳中和”目标的建议

周 书仪
香港城市大学

摘要

工业革命以来人类对化石能源需求剧增导致温室气体排放增加，地球气温异常上升，全球气候变暖。全球变暖带来
一系列严重的后果，包括两极冰川融化、海平面上升、极端天气灾害增加、土地沙漠化等。要限制全球变暖的危害，必须快
速降低全球碳排放，谋求可持续发展，因此减少碳排放，实现碳中和是目前世界各国的工作中心之一。本文以香港为研究案
例，分析了当地碳排放的现状，发现工作主要集中在三个部分：发电、交通和废物管理。在未来很长一段时间内，氢气将在
解决发电和交通的技术和环境问题上发挥重要作用。本文建议，香港应引入绿色氢能发电，并在时机成熟时推广氢能燃料电
池电动汽车。而在废物管理行业，推广生产者延伸责任制（EPR），从源头解决废物问题，加强分类回收与再利用。

关键词

碳中和，净零排放，绿氢，绿色交通，废物管理

参考

[1]HK Government. (2021). Climate Action Plan 2050. Retrieved from https://www.climateready.gov.hk/files/pdf/CA

P2050_booklet_tc.pdf

[2]European Parliament. (2019). What is carbon neutral

ity and how can it be achieved by 2050? Retrieved from

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/2019

0926STO62270/what-is-carbon-neutrality-and-how-can-it-be-ac hieved-by-2050

[3]中金研究所.碳中和经济学[M].北京:中信出版社,2021: 05

[4]Nair, S. (2021). Green Hydrogen: Green Hydrogen

as a Clean Energy Fuel for a Sustainable Economy. Chemi cal Industry Digest (Mumbai). [5]Goldman Sachs. (2020). Green Hydrogen- The next

transformational driver of the Utilities industry. Retrieved

from https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/pages/gs-researc h/green-hydrogen/report.pdf

[6]Hydrogen Council. (2017). How hydrogen empowers

the energy transition. Retrieved from https://hydrogencounc

il.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Hydrogen-Council-Vision- Document.pdf

[7]Pellow, M. A., Emmott, C. J., Barnhart, C. J., & B

enson, S. M. (2015). Hydrogen or batteries for grid storage?

A net energy analysis. Energy & Environmental Science, 8(7), 1938–1952. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ee04041d

[8]Fuel Cell & Hydrogen Energy Association. (2021). Reports & Case Studies. Retrieved form https://www.fchea.o

rg/reports

[9]European Parliament. (2015). Circular economy: defi nition, importance and benefits. Retrieved from https://www. europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/economy/20151201STO0

5603/circular-economy-definition-importance-and-benefits

[10]OECD. (2021). Extended producer responsibility. R

etrieved from https://www.oecd.org/env/tools-evaluation/exten

dedproducerresponsibility.htm

[11]World Wide Fund for Nature. (2019). Extended Pr oducer Responsibility (EPR) For Plastic Packaging. Retrieve d from https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/wwf_epr _position_paper.pdf