Diglossia语言现象与阿拉伯高文盲率之间的关系

哈 锦祎
谢菲尔德大学教育学院

摘要

阿拉伯世界较高的文盲率一直以来都被视为一个严重的社会问题，虽然其背后有着一系列复杂的原因。但语言作为学生学习知识的手段和载体，在教学过程中扮演着至关重要的作用，甚至学生对语言的掌握程度也被视为国家教育成败的标志之一（Maamouri，1998）。与此同时相关研究也表明，阿拉伯语中Diglossia现象（双言）对阿拉伯语儿童的语言习得和学习能力有着负面的影响（Al-Azraqi，2014）。因此部分语言学家认为阿拉伯的高文盲率极有可能与阿拉伯语中复杂的diglossia现象有着重要的联系。

关键词

Diglossia；阿拉伯语双言现象；阿拉伯教育；语言变异

参考

[1]Aitchison, J. (2001). Language change: Progress or decay?. Cambridge university press.

[2]Al-Azraqi, M. (2014). The Influence of Kindergarten in Overcoming Diglossia among Primary School Pupils in Saudi Arabia. Arab World English Journal, 5(1).

[3]Alotaibi, Y. A., & Selouani, S. A. (2009). Evaluating the MSA West Point speech corpus. International Journal of Computer Processing of Languages, 22(04), 285-304.

[4]Al-Sobh, M. A., Abu-Melhim, A. R. H., & Bani-Hani, N. A. (2015). Diglossia as a result of language variation in Arabic: Possible solutions in light of language planning. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 6(2), 274-279.

[5]Ayari, S. (1996). Diglossia and illiteracy in the Arab world. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 9(3), 243-253.

[6]CEYLAN, H. (2017). Different Perspectives on the Origin of Language and the Evidence from the Field of Language Acquisition.

[7]Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structures. The Hague: Mouton.. 1965. Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.(1981) Lectures on Government and Binding, Dordrecht: Foris.(1982) Some Concepts and Consequences of the Theory of Government and Binding. LI Monographs, 6, 1-52.

[8]Ferguson, C. A. (1959). Diglossia. word, 15(2), 325-340.

[9]Fingeret, H. A. (1991). Meaning, Experience and Literacy. Adult Basic Education, 1(1), 4-11.

[10]Goldstein, E. (2008). Cognitive psychology: Connecting mind, research, and everyday experience: Cengage learning (p. 231). ISBN 978-1-133-00912-2.

[11]Harrub, B. et al (2003). The Origin of Language and Communication. TJ,( Journal of Creation)Volume 17, Issue 3, p. 93-101.

[12]Hetzron, R. (1997). Arabic Dialects and Maltese.The Semitic languages. New York, NY: Routledge.

[13]Kaye, A. S. (2001). Diglossia: the state of the art. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2001(152), 117-129.

[14]Kaye, A. S. (2002). Comment. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 157, 117- 125.

[15]Labov, W. (1972). Sociolinguistic patterns (No. 4). University of Pennsylvania Press.

[16]Maamouri, M. (1998). Language Education and Human Development: Arabic Diglossia and Its Impact on the Quality of Education in the Arab Region. [17]Magin, S. (2010). Illiteracy in the Arab region: A meta study. GIA Lens, 2.

[18]Myhill, S. (2018). Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Myalgic Encephalitis: It’s Mitochondria, Not Hypochondria. Chelsea Green Publishing.

[19]Oweini, A., Awada, G. M., & Kaissi, F. S. (2020). Effects of Diglossia on Classical Arabic: Language Developments in Bilingual Learners. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 20(2).

[20]Rosa, E.D. (2017). Linguistic variation in English. [online]. Revista de Letras. [Viewed 1 July 2020]. Available from:https://periodicos.utfpr.edu.br/rl/article/view/4523/4547.

[21]Sweet, H. (1900). The history of language. Dent.

[22]Tomasello, M., & Rakoczy, H. (2003). What makes human cognition unique? From individual to shared to collective intentionality. Mind & language, 18(2), 121-147.

[23]Zopus, A. (2016). Bilingualism and Diglossia as Sociocultural Phenomena in Romanian–Hungarian Translations in Transylvania. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica, 8(3), 5-15.

[24]Zughoul, M. R. (1980). Diglossia in Arabic: investigating solutions. Anthropological Linguistics, 22(5), 201-217.