成功的小学体验式营养教育的特点：系统评价

凯伦 ·科, 蒂根 ·查, 凯伦 ·沃
医学院

摘要

儿童时期的饮食和营养与晚年患慢性病的风险有关。本综述的目的是探讨成功改变小学生营养相关认知
和行为结果的体验式营养干预措施的关键特征。本综述使用5个科学数据库（CINAHL、Scopus、Web of Science、
Medline和Academic Search Complete）和搜索词（“食品安全”、“学校”、“营养”和“计划”）进行了系统评价，并定
义了作为与营养相关的知识、态度和/或饮食行为的结果。初步检索和人工检索共识别出3800篇文章，其中67篇符
合纳入条件。42篇文章成功符合标准，在感兴趣的定义结果上取得显着差异，并伴有明显的影响。干预措施包括在
学校花园（n=9）、食物供应（n=5）、品尝（n=8）、烹饪班（n=10）和多组件计划（n=10）。营养教育（与味觉测试
相结合）、烹饪相关活动和园艺干预提高了儿童品尝不熟悉食物（包括新水果和蔬菜）的意愿，提高了他们的烹饪和
食物准备技能，并增加了营养知识。本综述提供的证据表明，体验式的小学生营养教育计划如果包括多个组成部分、
有父母参与并特别关注蔬菜摄入量，则最有可能取得成功。

关键词

小学；营养干预；体验；饮食行为；知识；体验式学习；成功的

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