日晒不足已成为现实社会的健康问题
摘要
公共卫生问题。过去十年的研究表明,阳光照射不足有可能是导致美国每年 340,000人死亡,以及欧洲每年 480,
000人死亡的原因之一。其次还包括乳腺癌、结直肠癌、高血压、心血管疾病、代谢综合征、多发性硬化症的发病率
增加硬化症、阿尔茨海默病、自闭症、哮喘、1型糖尿病和近视。长期以来,维生素D一直被认为是有益日晒中的
主要来源。然而,口服维生素D补充剂并没有可预防上述情况的有力证明;因此,作为维生素D状态指标的血清 25
(OH)D可能是有益日晒的代表而非主要桥梁。新的候选机制包括从皮肤释放一氧化氮和紫外线辐射(UVR)对外
周血细胞的直接影响。总得来说,这一证据表明,对于生活在热带以外的人们来说,确保皮肤有充分得到阳光照射
是有其必要的。为避免晒伤,并在环境UVR高的季节适当获得日晒,建议每天有不超过 5-30分钟的日晒(需求取
决于皮肤类型和紫外线指数),并确保穿着是有适于该季节的服装,日照时闭上眼睛,或戴上能过滤紫外线的太阳眼
镜都是很好的防晒伤措施。
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