与洪水共存：西孟加拉邦马尔达区塔尔和迪亚拉地区 抗洪能力的比较评估

HIRANMAY RISHI, SUBRATA PURKAYASTHA
东北山大学地理系

摘要

马尔达区的塔尔和迪亚拉地区极易发生洪水，但人口密度仍高于该州的平均密度。这表明当地居民已经学
会通过更好的准备、应对和适应策略来提高对洪水威胁的抵御能力，从而适应洪水。当地人民制定的这种微观层面
的战略可以对政策制定者和社会科学家等人有用，以更好地减轻洪水威胁和相关的脆弱性。本文试图在家庭层面测
量和比较塔尔和迪亚拉当地居民的抗洪水平。此外，本文旨在分析与主要洪水河流的距离，即塔尔的富哈尔和迪亚
拉的恒河对人们抵御洪水的能力有一定影响。该论文是经验性的，其中的信息是从样本家庭中收集的，并与两组村
庄的村长进行焦点小组讨论，即塔尔的马尼克纳格尔和拉图阿以及迪亚拉的戈帕尔普尔和努尔普尔。UNDP技术已
被用于计算由准备指数（PI）、即时应对指数（ICI）和适应性指数（AI）组成的综合复原力指数（RI）。调查结果表
明，这些村庄位于主要引起洪水的河流的堤坝内和周围，即与内陆村庄相比，塔尔的马尼克纳格尔和迪亚拉的戈帕
尔普尔记录了更高的抗洪能力，即塔尔的拉图亚和迪亚拉的努尔普尔。论文得出的结论是，在塔尔和迪亚拉，人们
已经学会了应对和适应洪水，离主要的洪水河流越近，村民抵御洪水灾害的能力就越高。

关键词

河流距离；洪水灾害；弹力；塔尔和迪亚拉

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图6 塔尔和迪亚拉地区两组村庄的抗洪水平弹性指数

（RI）

资料来源：实地调查，2018 年

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