空气污染对环境和健康的影响:回顾
摘要
加,它对公众和个人健康的影响。有许多污染物是人类疾病的主要因素。其中,颗粒物(PM)是一种直径可变但直
径非常小的颗粒,通过吸入进入呼吸系统,导致呼吸系统和心血管疾病、生殖系统和中枢神经系统功能障碍以及癌
症。尽管平流层中的臭氧对紫外线辐射具有保护作用,但在地面高浓度时是有害的,还会影响呼吸系统和心血管系
统。此外,氮氧化物、二氧化硫、挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)、二恶英和多环芳烃(PAHs)都被认为是对人体有害
的空气污染物。吸入高浓度的一氧化碳甚至会引起直接中毒。铅等重金属被人体吸收后,会导致直接中毒或慢性中
毒,具体取决于暴露程度。由上述物质引起的疾病主要包括呼吸系统疾病,例如慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、哮喘、
细支气管炎,以及肺癌、心血管事件、中枢神经系统功能障碍和皮肤病。最后但同样重要的是,环境污染导致的气
候变化会影响许多传染病的地理分布,自然灾害也是如此。解决这个问题的唯一方法是通过公众意识以及科学专家
的多学科方法;国家和国际组织必须应对这一威胁的出现并提出可持续的解决方案。
关键词
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12361/2661-376X-04-06-77511
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