移民的性别差异

弗朗 西斯
意大利奥比亚

摘要

世界上大约有2亿人在流动，其中大约50%是妇女。对于因迫害、战争、饥荒、气候灾害或摆脱外部虐待甚至家庭暴力而离开的妇女，没有明确的移民计划。妇女在以父权制社会组织为特征的文化环境中遭受的与性别有关的暴力，通过不同的方式表现出来，包括但不限于早婚和切割生殖器官，生殖健康在幼年就已经受到严重损害。除此之外，还必须考虑到低收入国家无法用多学科方法(如糖尿病)治疗慢性退行性疾病。脆弱或根本不存在的卫生系统没有为这一需求做好准备，目前这一需求影响到三分之一的死亡人数。与意大利母亲相比，来自高移民压力国家的女性患妊娠期糖尿病的风险更高;此外，埃塞俄比亚种族的年轻女性更容易受到糖尿病风险增加的影响，这与年龄和体重指数有关。除糖尿病外，患有其他非传染性疾病的移民的性别不平等现象也更加明显。需要在培训从业人员和重组基本保健服务方面作出重大努力，使他们能够胜任跨文化意义上的工作。还需要对全体人口和特别是妇女进行健康教育，以控制风险行为，预防一般代谢综合征的早期发病，特别是2型糖尿病的早期发病。

关键词

移民;较低的收入;糖尿病;性别

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