人类抗病毒保护的新概念:都是关于RNA的(综述)

贾夫 达特
科学院免疫学和人类基因组研究所

摘要

对多细胞生物中的抗病毒保护机制(包括原生动物和RNA干扰)的比较分析揭示了它们的相似性，并提供了对适应性免疫的基本理解。本文综述了RNA引导基因调控在人类抗病毒保护中的最新研究及其重要性。此外，还考虑了中和抗体和干扰素系统在病毒侵袭中的作用。干扰素系统是抑制人类病毒感染的另一种机制，它将细胞转变为“警报”模式，试图防止进一步的传染。人类中枢免疫系统的首要任务是保持完整性并防止外来生物入侵。在这篇综述中，提出了一个新概念:所有生物体的抗病毒保护都可以通过细胞内RNA引导机制实现。一种简单有效的病毒防御方法是将病毒DNA的一部分(间隔区)并入宿主染色体。在再感染后，这个间隔区的RNA转录产物被产生，以指导核酸酶破坏病毒基因组。这是一个具有完整染色体的每个细胞潜在拥有实时适应性免疫的例子，表明抗病毒免疫不仅由中和抗体和记忆B细胞和T细胞介导，还由病毒感染后恢复的个体DNA中的特定间隔物介导。

关键词

RNA‑I;CRISPR‑Cas;抗病毒免疫;干扰素;COVID‑19;SARS‑CoV‑2间隔物

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