尼日利亚跨河州家庭中儿童粪便和生牛肉中的大肠杆菌 O157 H7 血清型的风险分析和抗生素图谱
摘要
生素图谱。共收集了360份新鲜的家庭牛肉样品和366份儿童腹泻和非腹泻的粪便样品，并使用标准的培养和血清学方法对大
肠杆菌O157:H7进行了检测。证实的大肠杆菌O157: H7分离物使用琼脂盘扩散法进行抗菌素敏感性评估。家庭肉类中大肠杆
菌O157: H7的总阳性样本为76/360（21.11%），而腹泻和非腹泻的粪便样本分别有70/366（19.13%）和5/366（1.37%）阳性
样本。在来自不同家庭的牛肉样本中，以及在腹泻和非腹泻的样本中，观察到的患病率值有显著差异，P<0.05。观察到的风
险因素包括：年龄范围，最高流行值为1-2岁（26.83%）；父母/监护人的职业，最高流行值为农业（25.67%）；主要生活水
源，最高流行值为地表水（28.21%），这些因素对儿童腹泻粪便中的病原体流行率有显著影响（P<0.05）。所有70个腹泻分
离物都对一种或多种抗生素有耐药性，其中四环素（88.6%）和复方新诺明（77.1%）的值最高。这项研究显示，牛肉和一
些人类及环境因素在研究社区的儿童感染大肠杆菌O157:H7的过程中起着至关重要的作用，腹泻粪便是人类二次感染的主要
载体。因此，牛是向人类传播具有多重抗药性的大肠杆菌O157:H7的主要来源，因此有必要对这种病原体进行持续监测，并
实施立法禁止在养牛场滥用抗生素。
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