食物过敏：回顾，分类与诊断

安东 内拉, 乔纳 森·
威尔士卡迪夫大学

摘要

食物过敏，定义为对食物蛋白质的免疫反应，影响多达 8%的幼儿和西方国家中 2%的成年人，而且他们的
患病率似乎像所有过敏性疾病一样在上升。除了众所周知的荨麻疹和由 IgE抗体介导的免疫反应引发的过敏反应外，
越来越多的人认识到细胞介导的疾病，例如嗜酸性食管炎和食物蛋白诱导的小肠结肠炎。关于 IgE和非 IgE介导疾病
的发病机制的新知识正在开发中。目前，食物过敏的管理包括教育患者避免摄入。如果发生摄入，负责任的过敏原
和开始治疗。然而，正在研究新的策略，包括舌下口服免疫疗法和其他对未来有希望的策略

关键词

过敏原特异性 IgE；食物过敏；食物蛋白诱导的小肠结肠炎；非 IgE；花生过敏

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