埃塞俄比亚东南部库卢姆萨地区氮肥水平对面包小麦 （Triticum aestivum L.）品种生长发育的影响

德雷 杰·
埃塞俄比亚阿塞拉库卢姆萨农业研究中心

摘要

在埃塞俄比亚高地，土壤肥力低，尤其是氮缺乏，是限制小麦产量和生产力的主要制约因素之一。为此，
在2017/18种植季节期间，在埃塞俄比亚东南部库卢姆萨进行了不同氮肥水平对面包小麦品种生长发育影响的试验。
该试验由两个面包小麦品种（Lemu和Wane）和五种氮肥（0、46、92、138和184 kg N ha-1）的析因组合组成，采用
三重复随机完全区组设计。结果表明，品种与氮肥用量的交互作用效果不如主效应，品种与氮用量的交互效应仅对
灌浆期和穗长有显著影响。结果表明，在研究地点，Wane品种比Lemu品种抽穗期、成熟期和灌浆期短，而Lemu则
比Wane品种更高，分蘖更有效，每穗粒数更多，地上生物产量更好。相反，抽穗和成熟期的最长天数记录在最高氮
肥用量（184 kg ha-1）下。两个品种的灌浆期天数均随施氮量的增加而增加。Lemu和Wane品种的峰值穗长分别在施
氮量为92和138 kg ha-1时记录。最大地上生物产量记录在最高施氮量184 kg ha-1时，与92 kg和138 kg N ha-1的生物
产量相当。

关键词

面包小麦；品种；氮；生长；物候；发育；产量构成

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