土壤侵蚀估算模型的比较与适用性

Dawit Kanito*¹, Samuel Feyissa²
1、阿雷卡农业研究中心南方农业研究所自然资源管理局
2、哈拉玛雅大学自然资源管理与环境科学学院

摘要

土壤侵蚀是一个具有全球挑战性的问题，它会加剧土地退化和失去最肥沃的土壤，从而阻碍农业生产力。
尽管这是一个全球性问题，但它对居住在发展中国家的农民产生了不利影响。因此，提供土壤流失信息对于规划
和实施适当的水土保持措施至关重要。因此，开发了侵蚀估计模型，并将其分为基于经验、概念和物理的广义保
护伞。本文主要旨在比较广泛实施的土壤侵蚀估算模型的机会和局限性，并通过选择广泛使用的模型，如 USLE、
RUSLE、SLMSA 和 WEPP 来审查其适用性。这项审查的结果表明，所审查的侵蚀模型是为了预测坡面和细沟侵蚀
造成的土壤损失而设计的。来自研究的证据表明，通过根据当地环境条件进行校准，R/USLE模型可以普遍使用。然而，
它们很简单，需要更少的数据和计算时间；它们不是事件响应型的，测量的是冲沟和河岸侵蚀造成的土壤损失。但是，
RUSLE 模型的参数计算过程与 USLE 模型不同。本研究还描述了 SLEMSA 模型将土壤侵蚀因素视为一个单独的实体，
并受到 LS 因素的高度影响。WEPP 模型能够在短时间内估计土壤损失和异地侵蚀率，但是；它只适用于个别山坡。
因此，根据这次审查的结果，提出了以下建议供进一步研究，以填补空白；R/USLE 参数的升级，SLMSA 地形子模
型的修改，以及 WEPP 模型中基本参数的修订，以估计大型集水区的侵蚀。

关键词

土壤流失；基于事件的侵蚀；侵蚀模型；模型校准；农业生产力

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