香料添加剂蒸馏萃取法对黑胡椒精油的优化与表征

Wondifraw Abate Abera
德布雷伯尔汉大学理工学院化学工程系

摘要

黑胡椒籽油是从黑胡椒籽中提取的高浓度物质。该研究旨在利用胡椒籽作为化妆品和香水应用的油源，因为
胡椒籽价格低廉，在我国大量生长。它是一年生草本植物。种子的特征是 ; 干燥后的颜色是黑色的，我实验的颗粒
大小是 500,750 和 1000 微米。提取条件为 1 m，提取时间 30 ~ 250 min。这种种子产生一种无色、透明的芳香精油，
被用于生产几种化妆品和香水。采用蒸汽蒸馏法提取其种子，因为其转化效率高，且由于添加了香料的性质，必须
用于油的提取。蒸馏是在控制温度和压力下进行的。最佳提取温度分别为 105℃、127.5℃、150℃。在最佳工艺条件下，
油得率为 4.83%，最低得率为 1.67%。胡椒黑籽的特点是一种强烈的令人愉快的香气。这些油经常被用于化妆品和它
们的治疗或芳香特性，在广泛的选择产品，如食品和药品。化妆品出油是最费时费力的工序之一。化妆品成分主要
包括色素脂肪酸，油酸 22.94%，己酸 8.61%，辛酸 8.61%。该油的抗菌性能提高了 60%。用乙醇溶液 NaOH 滴定法
测定油的酸值为 5.3。柠檬油的加入使香气转化为良好的气味。化妆品在使用过程中均质稳定。

关键词

胡椒籽；组成；温度；油酸；收益率

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