工程不确定性：监控安全气囊性能

马丁 ·诺, 维尔 纳·, 汉娜 ·佩, 詹姆 森·
Insurance and Human Rights Society

摘要

现代工程因许多不确定性而变得复杂。在1980年代末和1990年代初，一群工程师开始专注于复杂技术的首
次广泛发布。工程师对物理世界及其工作原理非常了解。但由于测试的固有局限性和实验室外世界的复杂性，工程
师永远无法完全预测他们的创作将如何执行。这种担忧不仅来自汽车制造商的工程师，还包括保险公司、国家安全
委员会等安全组织以及制定安全气囊法规的政府机构国家公路交通安全管理局。由于政府监管、营销计划和大众需
求，美国汽车上安装了数百万个安全气囊。处理工程不确定性的一种方法是在技术离开开发和生产阶段后对其进行
积极监控。本文以汽车安全气囊历史上的一个小插曲为例，说明工程师有远见和主动，在路上仔细跟踪技术，及早
发现问题。监控不仅可以帮助工程师识别现场出现的问题，还可以帮助他们努力调动资源来解决这些问题。

关键词

工程不确定性，监控风险，社会实验，安全气囊性能，安全气囊损坏，工程伦理

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