Diglossia 语言现象对阿拉伯语言教育的影响

哈 锦祎
谢菲尔德大学教育学院

摘要

Diglossia（双言现象）作为一种特殊的语言现象对于阿拉伯教育的方方面面都产生了深刻的影响。从阿拉伯学生的角度而 言，由双言现象引起的语言困惑、母语负迁移、学习动机缺乏等原因增加了阿拉伯儿童语言学习的难度并且影响了其学习的动力。从 学校的角度来看，因为 diglossia 特殊的语言环境导致的学生语言学习难度的增加同时也给阿拉伯的学校和一线教学的老师提出了更高 的教学要求。因为家-校的语言分离导致很多学生在入学前严重缺乏接触 MSA（现代阿拉伯语）的经历，对他们而言 MSA 就像一门全 新的外语（Palmer, 2007）。因此老师在教学中需要平衡 MSA 和阿拉伯口语的使用比例，既能让学生能够充分理解课程内容的同时又 不能降低他们的语言素养。

关键词

Diglossia、双言现象、阿拉伯教育、语言迁移、语言学习动机

参考

Abu-Rabia, S. (2000). Effects of exposure to literary Arabic on reading comprehension in a diglossic situation. Reading and writing, 13(1-2), 147-157.

Al-Huri, I. (2012). The Impact of Diglossia in Teaching/Learning the Arabic Course in Sana'a Secondary Schools. Learning the Arabic Course in Sana'a Secondary Schools (June 1, 2012).

Alizadeh, M. (2016). The impact of motivation on English language learning. International Journal of Research in English Education, 1(1), 11-15.

Al-jundi, A. (1987) Al-Lugat Al-arabiya fi muwajahati Al-Lugaat Al-ajnabiya. [The Arabic language facing foreign languages] Majma' Allugha Al 'Arabiya Al-Urduni 2, 4-6

Al-Kahtany, A. H. (1997). The 'problem' of diglossia in the Arab world: An attitudinal study of modern standard Arabic and the Arabic dialects. al-'Arabiyya, 1-30.

Alshamrani, H. (2012). Diglossia in Arabic TV stations. Journal of King Saud University-Languages and Translation, 24(1), 57-69.

Altoma, S. J. (1969). The problem of diglossia in Arabic: A comparative study of classical and Iraqi Arabic (Vol. 21). Cambridge, Mass: Distributed for the Center for Middle Eastern Studies of Harvard University by Harvard University Press.

Ayari, S. (1996). Diglossia and illiteracy in the Arab world. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 9(3), 243-253.

Bardovi‐Harlig, K., & Sprouse, R. A. (2018). Negative versus positive transfer. The TESOL encyclopedia of English language teaching, 1-6.

Brosh, H., (2015). Arab Students' Perceptions of Diglossia. Al-ʿArabiyya: Journal of the American Association of Teachers of Arabic, 48(1), pp.23-41.

Chejne, A. G. (1965). Arabic: Its significance and place in Arab-Muslim society. Middle East Journal, 19(4), 447-470.

Crystal, D. (2011). A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics (Vol. 30). John Wiley & Sons.

Dakwar, R. K. (2005). Children's attitudes towards the diglossic situation in Arabic and its impact on learning. Languages, Communities, and Education, 3, 75-86.

Dörnyei, Z. (1998). Motivation in second and foreign language learning. Language teaching, 31(3), 117-135.

Fedda, O. D., & Oweini, A. (2012). The effect of diglossia on Arabic vocabulary development in Lebanese students. Educational Research and Reviews, 7(16), 351-361.

Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social Psychology in Second Language Learning, Edward Arnold Ltd.

Ibrahim, R., & Aharon-Peretz, J. (2005). Is literary Arabic a second language for native Arab speakers?: Evidence from semantic

Kaye, A. S. (2001). Diglossia: the state of the art. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2001(152), 117-129.

Kaye, A. S. (2002). Comment. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 157, 117- 125.

Labanieh, K. (2019). Heritage Language Learners of Arabic in Islamic Schools: Opportunities for Attaining Arabic Language Proficiency.

Maamouri, M. (1998). Language Education and Human Development: Arabic Diglossia and Its Impact on the Quality of Education in the Arab Region.

Maamouri, M. (2007). Arabic literacy. Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, 2.

Oweini, A., Awada, G. M., & Kaissi, F. S. (2020). Effects of Diglossia on Classical Arabic: Language Developments in Bilingual Learners. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 20(2).

Palmer, J. (2007). Arabic diglossia: Teaching only the standard variety is a disservice to students. Journal of Second Language Acquisition and Teaching, 14, 111-122.

Saiegh-Haddad, E. (2003). Linguistic distance and initial reading acquisition: The case of Arabic diglossia. Applied Psycholinguistics, 24(3), 431.

Yuki, T., Mizuno, K., Ogawa, K., & Mihoko, S. (2013). Promoting gender parity in basic education: Lessons from a technical cooperation project in Yemen. International Review of Education, 59(1), 47-66.