过敏性鼻炎：概述

吉滕 德拉, 乔治 亚州, 什维 塔·, 史蒂 文·
印度医学院

摘要

过敏性鼻炎是一种鼻粘膜炎症性疾病，由接触过敏原引发 IgE介导的炎症引起。临床上以鼻漏、打喷嚏、鼻
痒、鼻塞四大症状为特征。它还可能与哮喘、特应性皮炎和鼻息肉等合并症有关。大约 20-30%的印度人口患有过敏
性鼻炎，其中 15%患上哮喘。过敏性鼻炎的诊断和治疗应遵循ARIA（过敏性鼻炎及其对哮喘的影响）指南，哮喘应
遵循 GINA（全球哮喘倡议）指南。过敏性鼻炎的治疗应结合过敏原避免（尽可能）、药物治疗和过敏原免疫治疗。
鼻内皮质类固醇是治疗过敏性鼻炎最有效的方式，它们的感官特性对患者的依从性很重要。

关键词

过敏性鼻炎；哮喘；鼻内皮质类固醇；免疫疗法

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