外泌体在医学领域的应用

赵 鹏1, 马文 宇2
1.青海大学 青海西宁 2.青海大学附属医院 青海西宁

摘要

目的：外泌体是一种存在于细胞外囊泡中的物质，且其含有多种成分，如蛋白质、脂质和核酸等，是一种双磷脂膜囊泡。外泌体几乎由人体所有的细胞分泌，在各种体液中都能检测到，在细胞间的连接中占有举足轻重的地位。外泌体的作用表现为细胞间的连接，免疫调节，信号传导细胞的再生和分化，形成血管，凋亡，呈递抗原等。并且外泌体所含成分具有明显的特异性，利用此特性，如癌症及病毒感染、多囊卵巢症候群等，其可视为疾病的生物标记，作为诊断之用。外泌体也曾尝试作为载体，将药物输送出去，如一些抗肿瘤药的应用。外泌体在疾病中行使的功能使它在临床上的应用具有很大的优越性。本文主要从外泌体的发现、及其在相关疾病（皮肤创面修复，阿尔茨海默病，肿瘤治疗）的研究进展这2个方面加以阐述。

关键词

外泌体；exosomes；医学应用

参考

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