术后恶心呕吐研究进展

齐贺 彬1, 王 英2, 崔 博1, 王宝 忠1, 赵林 枫1
1.华北理工大学 2.唐山市工人医院

摘要

摘要：目的：开展用全身麻醉以来，人们就面临手术恢复的常见副作用即术后恶心呕吐。术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的发生率估计值各不相同，这可能
是由不同的患者、手术方式和使用药物造成的，在普通外科人群中估计发生率为 30%，在高危人群中高达 80%[1]
。现在已经认识到，具有已知危险因素的患者亚组（例如，女性，有晕动病病史）。 尽管 PONV 在现代环境中很少导致严重的医疗并发症，但对生活质量和医疗成本的影响并非微不足道。患者报告说，恶心和呕吐是术后最令人痛苦的症状之一，并表示理论上他们会为避免这些结果付出额外的代价[2]。目前用于控制 PONV 的大多数药物靶点（例如 5-羟色胺 3 型、5-HT3受体）已经为人所知几十年了，并且专注于这些方法的治疗的边际改进（例如，不同的给药途径）有时只能导致渐进的改进，但财务成本会大幅增加[3]

关键词

关键词：恶心;呕吐;药物;患者;术后

参考

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第一作者: 姓名：齐贺彬，性别：男，民族：汉，出生年月：1997

年 7 月，籍贯：河北省保定市，学历：硕士研究生，专业：麻醉学

通讯作者： 姓名：王英，性别：女，民族：汉，出生年月：1981

年 12 月，籍贯：河北省唐山市，学历：博士研究生，专业：麻醉学