重塑工程伦理价值观的模范

普里 查德, 戴维 斯·, 哈里 斯·, 费丽 莎·, 雅尼 斯·
Department of Engineering Concepts & Theories

摘要

现代哲学承认两大伦理理论：道义论，鼓励遵守规则和履行职责或义务；后果主义则严格根据实际或预期
的结果来评估具有道德意义的行为。两者都涉及普遍抽象原则的系统应用，反映了技术理性的文化主导范式。专业
协会颁布工程师应遵守的道德准则（道义），而法院和公众通常主要根据工程师的工作结果（无论是否有意）将责任
分配给工程师（后果论）。古代哲学中突出的第三种选择最近重新出现：美德伦理，它认识到上下文敏感性和实际判
断在给定的具体情况下是必不可少的，因此应正确地关注行动的人，而不是行动本身。有益的性格特征即美德，是
在特定的社会实践中根据其特有的内在物品来决定的。本文最后也提出了一个在工程中实施美德伦理的综合框架供
参考。

关键词

工程伦理；美德伦理；技术理性；判断；能力；实践；社会绩效；物质福利；风险；责任；美德工程师

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