旨在减少行人与机动车碰撞的循证交通工程措施综述

奥利 维尔, 伊恩 ·弗, 安妮 ·杜, 弗朗 西丝
新西兰技能与教育学院

摘要

我们对可以降低行人受伤风险的建筑环境的工程改造提供简短的批判性审查和评估。
　　在我们的审查中，我们使用交通研究信息服务数据库来搜索科学文献中记录的工程对策研究。我们将对策分为3
类：速度控制、行人与车辆分离以及增加行人可见度和显眼度的措施。我们确定了最有可能预防碰撞的措施和设置。
　　我们的审查强调纳入具有适当方法设计的研究，表明改造建筑环境可以大大降低行人与车辆碰撞的风险。

关键词

工程改造；行人；车辆

参考

[1]National Electronic Injury Surveillance System— All

Injury Program Operated by the US Consumer Product Safety

Commission. Atlanta, Ga: National Center for Injury Prevention

and Control; 2002.

[2]Knoblauch R, Nitzburg M, Dewar R, Templer J,

Pietrucha M. Older Pedestrian Characteristics for Use in

Highway Design. Washington, DC: US Dept of Transportation;

1995. DOT publication FHWA-RD-93-177.

[3]Vehicle Designs Affect the Harm That’s Inflicted on

Pedestrians. Arlington, Va: Insurance Institute for Highway

Safety; 1999:4–5. Status report 34/3.

[4]Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Fatality facts

2001: pedestrians. Available at: http://www.hwysafety.org/

safety_facts/fatality_facts/pedestrians.pdf. Accessed January

31, 2003.

[5]O’Neill B, Mohan D, Breen J, et al. Commentary on

the World Bank’s Global Road Safety Partnership. Traffic Inj

Prev. 2002;3:190–194.

[6]Murray CJL, Lopez AD. Global health statistics: a

compendium of incidence, prevalence and mortality estimates

for over 200 conditions. Geneva: WHO; 1996.

[7]Rivara FP. Child pedestrian injuries in the United

States. Current status of the problem, potential interventions,

and future research needs. Am J Dis Child. 1990;144:692–

696.

[8]Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, Altman DG.

Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions of methodological

quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in

controlled trials. JAMA. 1995;273:408–412.

[9]Weiner EL. The elderly pedestrian: response to an

enforcement campaign. Traffic Safety Res Rev. 1968;11:100–

110.

[10]Pasanen E, Salmivaara H. Driving speeds and

pedestrian safety in the city of Helsinki. Traffic Eng Control.

June1993:308–310.