癌症治疗的创新方法:当前观点和新挑战
摘要
疗。出于这个原因,肿瘤学研究正在努力寻找新的有效疗法,以减轻传统疗法引起的严重副作用。不同的技术目前
正在临床试验中进行评估或已被引入临床实践。虽然纳米医学有助于开发用于诊断和治疗目的的生物相容性材料,
但细胞外囊泡和来自患者的细胞的生物工程允许设计特设系统和单一靶向策略。在这篇综述中,我们将对基础和应
用癌症研究中最具创新性的进展进行深入分析。
癌症是一个全球性的健康问题,导致全世界六分之一的死亡。治疗癌症是一个非常复杂的过程。传统的治疗方
法,如手术、化学疗法和放射疗法,已经在使用,而最近取得了重大进展,包括干细胞疗法、靶向疗法、消融疗法、
纳米粒子、天然抗氧化剂、放射学、化学动力学疗法、声动力学疗法治疗和基于铁死亡的治疗。目前的肿瘤学方法
侧重于开发安全有效的癌症纳米药物。干细胞疗法通过靶向原发性和转移性癌症病灶,在再生和修复患病或受损组
织方面带来了可喜的功效,而纳米颗粒带来了新的诊断和治疗选择。靶向治疗具有突破性潜力,可抑制特定癌细胞
的生长和扩散,从而减少对健康细胞的损害。消融疗法已成为一种微创手术,无需开腹手术即可燃烧或冷冻癌症。
天然抗氧化剂表现出追踪自由基和中和其有害影响从而治疗或预防癌症的潜力。目前有几项新技术正在临床试验中
进行研究,其中一些已经获得批准。这篇综述介绍了癌症治疗的最新进展和突破。
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12361/2661-376X-04-07-77513
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