首页出版说明中文期刊中文图书环宇英文官网付款页面

向医学生教授灵性:系统评价

艾米 ·施, 约翰 娜·, 玛丽 ·戈, 德娜 ·格
美国医学院

摘要


尽管已经越来越清楚,宗教和灵性是整个患者护理的重要方面,但对于如何向医学生教授这个主题却知
之甚少。本系统评价检查了向医学生教授灵性的课程结构,并评估了它们对学生成绩的影响。2020年10月,作者
对1926年至2020年的文献进行了系统回顾,以确定已发表的描述医学院灵修课程的文章。纳入的研究是英语文
章,描述了主要为医学生设计的灵性课程,指定了课程结构,并评估了课程的结果。作者使用医学教育研究质量工
具(MERSQI)来评估纳入研究的质量,并总结课程结构、课程内容和研究成果。1889篇评论中的19篇出版物符合
纳入标准,即研究质量中等(平均MERSQI=9.9)。大多数课程是在美国医学院教授的,课程在必修课和选修课之
间平均分配,必修课的持续时间更短,学生总参与度更高。大多数具有明确学生成绩评估的研究都有前测和后测设
计。整个课程的共同主题包括教授如何了解精神历史,描绘精神与宗教之间的差异,以及体验与患者互动的牧师。
对文献的广泛系统回顾揭示了少量但越来越多的研究,这些研究描述了教授医学生灵性的特定课程结构和课程。对
于最简洁的方法,就是一个简短的强制性教学课程,然后与标准化或住院患者一起应用。要解决的重要主题包括宗
教与灵性之间的差异、认识精神痛苦、如何记录精神历史以及精神与学生幸福的相关性。除了知识和态度的变化
外,衡量学生的成果还应包括患者护理期间的行为变化。建议的评估方法包括反思性写作和在客观结构化临床检查
(OSCE)中添加一个标准化的患者案例,而其中患者处于精神痛苦中。

关键词


牧师;医学生;灵性;系统评价;教学

全文:

PDF


参考


[1]Cook, D. A., & Reed, D. A. (2015). Appraising

the quality of medical education research methods: The

medical education research study quality instrument and the

Newcastle–Ottawa Scale-Education. Academic Medicine,

90(8), 1067–1076.

[2]Culliford, L. (2009). Teaching spirituality and health

care to third-year medical students. The Clinical Teacher,

6(1), 22–27.

[3]DeFoor, M. T., Moses, M. M., Flowers, W. J., & Sams,

R. W. (2020). Medical student reflections: Chaplain shadowing

as a model for compassionate care training. Medical Teacher,

1–7.

[4]Fitchett, G. (2002). Assessing spiritual needs: A guide

for caregivers. Lima, OH: Academic Renewal Press.

[5]Frazier, M., Schnell, K., Baillie, S., & Stuber, M. L.

(2015). Chaplain rounds: A chance for medical students to

reflect on spirituality in patient-centered care. Academic

Psychiatry, 39(3), 320–323.

[6]Gomez, S., White, B., Browning, J., & DeLisser, H.

M. (2020). Medical students’ experience in a trauma chaplain

shadowing program: A mixed method analysis. Medical

Education Online, 25(1), 1710896.

[7]Smothers, Z. P. W., Tu, J. Y., Grochowski, C., &

Koenig, H. G. (2019). Efficacy of an educational intervention

on students’ attitudes regarding spirituality in healthcare: A

cohort study in the USA. BMJ Open, 9(4), e026358.

[8]Talley, J. A., & Magie, R. (2014). The integration of

the “spirituality in medicine” curriculum into the osteopathic

communication curriculum at Kansas City University of

medicine and biosciences. Academic Medicine, 89(1), 43–47.

[9]The Joint Commission. (2010). Advancing effective

communication, cultural competence, and patient- and familycentered care: A roadmap for hospitals. Oakbrook Terrace, IL:

The Joint Commission.

[ 1 0 ] T r z e c i a k , S . , & M a z z a r e l l i , A . ( 2 0 1 9 ) .

Compassionomics: The revolutionary scientific evidence that

caring makes a difference. Pensacola: Studer Group.

[11]VanderWeele, T. J., Balboni, T. A., & Koh, H. K.

(2017). Health and spirituality. JAMA, 318(6), 519.

[12]Wachholtz, A., & Rogoff, M. (2013). The relationship

between spirituality and burnout among medical students.

Journal of Contemporary Medical Education, 1(2), 83–91.

[13]Yoon, J. D., Daley, B. M., & Curlin, F. A. (2017).

The association between a sense of calling and physician

well-being: A national study of primary care physicians and

psychiatrists. Academic Psychiatry, 41(2), 167–173.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12361/2661-376X-04-05-78770

Refbacks

  • 当前没有refback。