向医学生教授灵性:系统评价
摘要
之甚少。本系统评价检查了向医学生教授灵性的课程结构,并评估了它们对学生成绩的影响。2020年10月,作者
对1926年至2020年的文献进行了系统回顾,以确定已发表的描述医学院灵修课程的文章。纳入的研究是英语文
章,描述了主要为医学生设计的灵性课程,指定了课程结构,并评估了课程的结果。作者使用医学教育研究质量工
具(MERSQI)来评估纳入研究的质量,并总结课程结构、课程内容和研究成果。1889篇评论中的19篇出版物符合
纳入标准,即研究质量中等(平均MERSQI=9.9)。大多数课程是在美国医学院教授的,课程在必修课和选修课之
间平均分配,必修课的持续时间更短,学生总参与度更高。大多数具有明确学生成绩评估的研究都有前测和后测设
计。整个课程的共同主题包括教授如何了解精神历史,描绘精神与宗教之间的差异,以及体验与患者互动的牧师。
对文献的广泛系统回顾揭示了少量但越来越多的研究,这些研究描述了教授医学生灵性的特定课程结构和课程。对
于最简洁的方法,就是一个简短的强制性教学课程,然后与标准化或住院患者一起应用。要解决的重要主题包括宗
教与灵性之间的差异、认识精神痛苦、如何记录精神历史以及精神与学生幸福的相关性。除了知识和态度的变化
外,衡量学生的成果还应包括患者护理期间的行为变化。建议的评估方法包括反思性写作和在客观结构化临床检查
(OSCE)中添加一个标准化的患者案例,而其中患者处于精神痛苦中。
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PDF参考
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12361/2661-376X-04-05-78770
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