埃塞俄比亚吉马亏缺灌溉下哈拉格咖啡基因型幼苗生物量的量产和分配

Minda Tadesse
吉马农业研究中心灌溉和水收获研究部

摘要

在埃塞俄比亚，干旱严重制约着咖啡产量。为了克服这一问题，了解不同水分胁迫下咖啡基因型在不同部位
生物量积累模式的变化规律，对选择耐旱基因型具有重要意义。因此，本研究的目的是评价和表征在吉马农业研究
中心雨棚亏缺灌溉对哈拉格咖啡基因型生物量分配模式的影响。试验采用完全随机区组设计，有 3 个重复，处理包
括 3 种缺陷水平 (40、80 和 120% 的 ETc) 和 6 种基因型 (H-674/98、H-739/98、H-823/98、H-981/98、H-929/98 和
H-857/98)。结果表明，由于灌溉不足和基因型及其相互作用，咖啡干生物量分配模式发生了显著变化。总的来说，
在 40% ETc 条件下，根系的生物量同化和分配较高 (37%)，而在水分充足的情况下，根系的投资以牺牲茎部为代价，
使植物从底层土壤中提取更多的水分，如果上层土壤水分有限，相反，在水分充足的情况下，叶片的干物质分配较
大 (48%)，最终在水分胁迫条件下下降到 26%。在灌溉良好的环境下，叶片中积累的干物质越多，植株的光合能力就
越强，从而促进植株生长。研究咖啡植株不同部位的干生物量分配规律，对确定适宜的浇水量和确定变异气候条件
下的耐旱基因型具有重要意义。

关键词

亏缺灌溉；生物量生产；生物量分配；咖啡幼苗；哈拉格咖啡基因型

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