女子 100 米跨栏初学者教学干预个案研究
摘要
“受试者 A”)进行了 12 周教学干预个案研究。研究内容包括动作分解训练和教学优化策略相结合,重点训练起跑、领腿
跨栏、躯干前倾与后腿摆动等技术[5]要素,同时融入节奏控制训练、视频反馈[4]、自我评估与心理暗示等多种教学手段。
研究依托运动技能学习的三阶段理论[1]及跨栏生物力学[13]原则,为每阶段制定教学方案,并在训练前后通过一系列技术、
体能和心理指标进行测评和访谈。结果显示:经过干预,受试者的 100 米跨栏成绩从基线的 20.20 s 逐步下降至 16.67 s(下
降约 17.5%),而三步跨栏成功率、栏间[11]步频、起跑反应时等关键技术指标也持续改善;相关体能素质(如立定跳远、
平板支撑、加速跑、单脚平衡)均有不同程度的提升;心理方面,学员表现出更高的自信心和积极情绪。结果提示基于个
案的动作分解与优化教学对初学者的跨栏技能习得具有积极作用(参见表 3、图 1),但限于样本和时间,需在更大样本和
长期随访中进一步验证。
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12361/2661-376X-07-12-175303
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